I think the American public looked at that and went, "Oh, thats more like us." A 57-year-old man from Nashville, Tennessee, is eating nothing but McDonald's for 100 days in an unconventional attempt to shed some pounds. Over the course of 999 days, his party successfully trekked into the continents central watershed and scoured its lakes in a 24-foot boat. All rights reserved. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. It was an all-male household and Fred MacMurray played a widower. Market data provided by Factset. Stanley directed the 2000 family series Cory the Clown, and in 2005 produced and edited the comedy movie Checkers; hes also known for writing, producing, directing and editing the 2011 documentary videos The Actors Journey for Kids and The Actors Journey. Who is Stanley Livingston? That chance to field questions and come up with some kind of brainy answer or give them a straight answer it was a ball. Barry Livingston was born in Los Angeles, California in December 1953. He also starred in several films including Masters of the Universe, Little Man on Campus, Tremors 3: Back to Perfection, You Don't Mess with the Zohan, The Social Network, Hostel: Part III, Argo, Jersey Boys, and War Dogs. The journalist became a celebrity after returning from the New York Herald expedition, and he later penned a bestselling book titled How I Found Livingstone. In 1874, having grown bored with his old reporters gig, he secured funding from the Herald and the London Daily Telegraph and returned to Africa to resume Livingstones unfinished explorations. It's been decades since his appearance in movies in the '60s and '80s. The father of one walked down the aisle with Goble when he was 18 in 1968, however, . We hope to see this 69-year-old actor for years to come. So I thought, "I better start developing some skills.". On the 2016 Father's Day, the director took to Facebook to celebrate himself. The actor was also a heavy smoker, and developed throat cancer in the late 70s, hence his retirement. Crocodiles and swarming tsetse flies killed their pack animals, and dozens of porters abandoned the caravan or died from illnesses. Stanley Livingston net worth: Stanley Livingston is an American actor who has a net worth of $9 million. Stanley and his younger brother Barry were raised in Los Angeles by their father Hilliard and mother Lillian Rochelle Livingston; Barry was born on 17 December 1953 and has also become a successful actor, perhaps also best known for his performance in the series My Three Sons, in which he portrayed Stanleys adopted brother. But Fred was the heart of the show, delivering very tender moments, advising his kids, or explaining something to them. The young lady has starred in movies and is famous primarily for her roles in "Wanderlust," "The Lost Valentine," and "Christmas Cupid. Kate MacMurray is the daughter of famed Hollywood actors Fred MacMurray and June Haver. First and third wife. Nov 28 1968: Relatives. On March 21, 1871, Henry Morton Stanley set out from the African port of Bagamoyo on what he hoped would be a career-making adventure. Each show features a special greeting from legendary "Hollywood Squares" host Peter Marshall and is hosted by Tom Bergeron, John Davidson, Marc Summers, Pat Finn and Bruce Vilanch. Hes the only surviving original cast member of the critically acclaimed series My Three Sons, as the famous American actor Tim Considine, who also starred in it, died on 3 March 2022. His fruitful career has earned him an estimated net worth of around $9 million, as of mid-2020. Cite this record . Translate; Trending; Random; Home Actor Stanley Livingston. Madison O'Connor poured . I think the American public looked at that and went, Oh, thats more like us. I think it brought a touch of reality in terms of what American families looked like back in the early 60s.". His mother was of Croatian (Catholic) descent. In 2011, during the filming of Livingston's last film, "In the Picture", he met Paula Drake, an actress known for "Escape Artist", "The Second Coming of Christ", "Shock" and "Come Dawn", who portrayed his . "That was the novelty of the show. . Weve been together for 40 years. According to Disney, the actor died at home in Mar Vista, California. Suddenly we were both on the same big TV series and it was fantastic. We obviously had to do it by Zoom so we couldnt all be in one place. Actor . In March 1858 Livingstone embarked upon a government-backed expedition to introduce commerce, civilization, and Christianity to the lands of Zambezi River and Lake Malawi. Barry . Between March and October of 1871, the New York Herald expedition endured repeated setbacks as it trudged through endless miles of swampland and jungle. Tim Considine, who played the oldest brother, Mike Douglas, on "My Three Sons" during the 1960s, died March 3 at age 81. Of his four post-Douglas-patriarch roles, his final was 1978s The Swarm. Livingston has more than 180 acting credits and starred as Barry in the TV series The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriett from 1960 to 1963. Paige Lofing shot the lights out with 28 points and Teagan LaRoche drained 15. Livingston: Ive been very lucky in that I continue to work. Livingstone grew up in a distinctively Scottish family environment of personal piety, poverty, hard work, zeal for education, and a sense of mission. ", Some of the cast of the TV series "My Three Sons," circa 1963. Heck in the final season, Chip even married his high school sweetheart Polly. Alright, thats my two cents on My Three Sons. . Fox News: Many fans remember you from your time playing Ernie Douglas on "My Three Sons." Stanleys made a guest appearance in the talk-shows The Early Show, Then Again with Herbie J Pilato and World of Walley, amongst others. Roughly half of the expeditions 227 members died from disease, drowning and repeated altercations with native tribes, but its geographical achievements helped make Stanleys name as an adventurer. According to Barry, being in the same movie as his brother leveled out the playing field and boosted their relationship. Stanley Livingston rose to fame with his 12-year run on the series "My Three Sons." . So I was lucky that I kept working and earning money after "My Three Sons" was over. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Spencer is a musician and Hailey is an . Historians still debate how much he knew about Leopolds true plans, but the infrastructure he created later helped facilitate years of forced labor and violence that may have led to the deaths of millions of Congolese. Our tranquil African Eden is an oasis within the Victoria Falls Private Game Reserve. And Id say he had the best acting career of any of the children. and formerly of Keene, NH. He never left Hollywood, just transitioned to another department. He serves as the housekeeper and it reunited him with Fred MacMurray from the movie Car 99 25 years earlier. Stanley & Livingstone Boutique Hotel Welcome to our beautiful African home just 10 minutes from the Victoria Falls. That was the same year My Three Sons kicked off on ABC. On his return to Britain he was a national hero, and the sales from his Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (1857) guaranteed security for his family for some time. His first professional onscreen appearance was in a small, uncredited role in the 1961 film The Errand Boy, followed by roles as Barry, a neighborhood kid, in The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet; on The Dick Van Dyke Show; and as "Arnold Mooney", son of banker Theodore J. Mooney portrayed by Gale Gordon, on The Lucy Show. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. His plan is to order three meals a day from McDonald's, eat only half of each . He portrayed Chip Douglas, son of widower Steve Douglas who was played by Fred MacMurray. Fox News Flash top entertainment and celebrity headlines are here. Join Facebook to connect with Stanley Livingston and others you may know. He came across as someone who was actually attached to these children. But he became one of Hollywoods most sought-after actors when he starred in Billy Wilders crime drama, Double Indemnity in 1944. March 3, 2023. And thank God for that. The brothers also appeared together in the film Rally Round the Flag, Boys in 1958. Mark Harmon and Pam Dawber were married on March 21, 1987 and this year they will celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary. While she has semi-revisited, appearing in the movie Reawakened in 2020. But on set, he just loved to make my brother and I laughed. Tim Considine, who played Mike Douglas, wanted to leave the show. Livingston has also appeared as a guest on several TV shows, such as This Is Your Life, Hour Magazine, The Joan River Show and The OReilly Factor. "I started as a player, you know?" Selles points out to Sky Sports. When Stanley Met Livingstone. Mike Douglas is Steves oldest son, who eventually marries his fiance Sally Ann, and is written off the show. Hes quite funny so that was a thrill to see him be a part of this But you know, I was a fan of [the original show] before I became a participant. In 2011 he released his autobiography The Importance of Being Ernie. People who loved watching TV during the 1960s and the early 1970s loved the show My Three Sons. I thank God, doctor, I have been permitted to see you, he said. After a near-death experience with her then 12-month-old daughter, Samantha knew it was time to . He is best known for starring as Ernie Douglas in the television series My Three Sons from 1963 to 1972. Livingston: We got along great. Barry Livingston: I was very impressed by his hair still *laughs*. Barry Livingston Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Barry Gordon Livingston (born December 17, 1953) is an American television and film actor, known for his role as Ernie Douglas on the television series My Three Sons. Actor Jason Bateman, left, talks with cast members from the 1960's TV show "My Three Sons," from left to right, actors Barry Livingston (Ernie, with glasses), Don Grady (Rob) and Stanley Linvingston (Chip), after a cameo appearance during a taping of the show in 1997 in Burbank, Calf. Real-life brothers Stanley Livingston and Barry Livingston became adopted siblings on the show after Considine was written out. And I was lucky enough to find a great woman whos helped me through my life. Although the hotel has been closed, our 'green fingers' on the ground He is the son of Lillian Rochelle and Hilliard Livingston. Most folks know that the actors who played Ernie and Chip were real-life brothers, Barry and Stanley Livingston, and of all the siblings on our list, they definitely shared the most episodes together: 236. Dec 1, 2015 - Explore Child Stars Photo Gallery's board "Stanley Livingston", followed by 687 people on Pinterest. Next boy up is the middle child, Robbie Douglas, who enjoyed a marriage himself on the show, to his college sweetheart Katie but Don appeared in every episode but one. It had this more Pleasantville aspect. He was a fine character actor with a quiet intensity and comic timing which kept him employed well into his eighties. Stanley played Chip, and he's the only actor other than MacMurray . We believe that every person's story is important as it provides our community with an opportunity to feel a sense of belonging, share their hopes and dreams. American actor, writer, producer, director and editor Stanley Bernard Livingston, was born in Los Angeles, California USA, on 24 November 1950 under the zodiac sign of Sagittarius. "Christ alone can save the world, but Christ cannot save the world alone.". As crowds of locals gathered around them, Stanley spied a sickly-looking European with an unruly beard and white hair. Livingston: He wasnt too far from the characters that he played. Just nine years old at the time, . Chip from My Three Sons, played by Stanley Livingston, is still alive. Even more horrific were the atrocities committed by the expeditions unsupervised rear column, whose members indiscriminately tortured and murdered countless Africans. Stanley became the first person to circumnavigate Lake Victoria, Africas largest body of water, and he later charted Lake Tanganyika before venturing 1,800 miles down the Congo River to the Atlantic Ocean. The kids jumped over the banisters. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. His parents were Lillian Rochelle Marilyn Palyash and Hillard Livingston, and he has a younger brother, Barry Gordon Livingston, who was born in 1953. David Livingstone was born at Blantyre, south of Glasgow on 19 March 1813. FOUNDER of THE ACTOR'S JOURNEY PROJECT. I was happy to get on equal footing with my brother. He is survived by his wife of 71 years, Martha Nicholson Livingston and his children Ted and Karen Livingston, Magrieta and Sherwood Wil Whatever happened to Max Baer, Jr. - Jethro on The Beverly Hillbillies? That was the novelty of the show. That took him right to the Douglas clan, but his role on My Three Sons was one of his final. Stanley starred in the series alongside his biological brother, Barry Livingston. It follows the life of criminal Bonnie Parker. We talk television and you are invited to join the banter. Its not easy to be prepared for failure and rejection. He was a very well-known, established character ac even before "I Love Lucy." Stanley split the expedition in half and eventually reached Pasha with the front column in 1888, but not before several hundred members of his party perished from disease and Pygmy attacks. Playing his third son, Chip, was Stanley Livingston. Now we go to Stanleys real life and TV little brother. Stanley posted a then and now picture, which featured moments he shared with Samantha. Bub is Steves father-in-law who helps raise the sons for the first 5 seasons, the black and white era. Stanley shares his beautiful daughter with his former wife and dancer, Sandra Goble. Hes bald and his eyes are blue, his heights 5ft 6ins (1.69m) and his weight is about 165lbs (75kgs). Stanley retired from acting in 1995, but returned for a single movie in 2012, and then a TV series in 2022. Fred MacMurray began acting way back in 1929, and his aunt was actually a film actress too, named Fay Holderness. To find out what I have written on any TV topic, use the search box directly below. (Kevork Djansezian/AP) By Zoe Papadakis | Monday, 06 . These dates are pegged to the band's "End of the Road Tour," which started in 2018 and [] The duo tied the knot on December 19, 2015, and have remained married, enjoying each other's company. And the cast was a blast. The death was first reported on the entertainment website TMZ.com . died on Saturday, January 19, 2013. He was Prescott Rawlings in the 1962 western How the West Was Won, directed by John Ford and Henry Hathaway, and which starred John Wayne, James Stewart and Gregory Peck. Instead, they add another son to keep the three thing going. tags: missionary. Grady stepped onto the scene in the late 50s first becoming a Mouseketeer, along with 23 other lucky kids, then transitioning into guest appearances on TV shows, like three one-offs of The Restless Gun and two of The Rifleman. Livingston: The times we got to spend with William Frawley who played Bub on "My Three Sons." In 2021, Barry Livingston explained to Fox News Digital why he believed "My Three Sons" was so successful during its time. Its just pure entertainment and I think that's something we could all use. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. Whatever happend to Kristin Harmon Nelson? Stanley has four writing, five producing, three directing and three editing credits. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. His exact height and weight arent disclosed, but he seems like an average-sized man who takes great pride in his style. Tweets. After Tim Considine left the series two years later, Livingston joined the cast permanently (his character was adopted into the family, keeping the show's title intact) and remained with the series until its end in 1972. Livingston is the chief executive officer (CEO) of First Team Productions, a production company based in Los Angeles. MacMurray and Livingston in My Three Sons, Season 1, Episode 19 (Organization Woman) 1961. He returned to London in 1890, and later authored books and toured the lecture circuit before serving in the British parliament. Considine also appeared on other television series and in movies, perhaps most famously (but briefly) as a war-traumatized soldier who is slapped by Gen. George S. Patton in the 1970 film "Patton. Born July 13, 1931 in Johnstown, the youngest of 8 children of the late Charles Ross and Edith Mae (Keirn) Livingston, and was the last surviving child of his family. Today, Stanley is 72, and check out his website if you want to see interviews and upcoming panel appearances. Karen Huntsman, a physiotherapist, in 1983. Fox News: How would you describe William Frawley as the actor versus the characters we know him as? Barry Gordon Livingston (born December 17, 1953) is an American television and film actor, known for his role as Ernie Douglas on the television series My Three Sons (1963-72). It was an all-male household, and Fred MacMurray played a widower. Stanley married his second wife, American actress Paula Drake on 19 December 2015; shes appeared in 14 movies and TV series, and is probably best known for her playing of Angry Protester in the 2017 drama Escape Artist. In his later years, he spent time as a producer and director in LA. Darragh Moore Wiki Biography. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Type above and press Enter to search. Weve already talked about his sister on this channel in our Eight is Enough episode. Market data provided by Factset. He was famous. Best known as Chip Douglas on TV's second-longest running sit-com, MY THREE SONS. Considines brother John was also an actor and screenwriter who had roles on several TV soap operas and who co-wrote and appeared in the 1978 Robert Altman film, "A Wedding.". Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Kate was just six . Stanley is 72 years old. (Photo by CBS via Getty Images). Livingston played Ernie Douglas, the youngest of the three sons. Chip (Stanley Livingston) and Polly (Ronne Troup) are married, and on their way to Mexico for their honeymoon. Check out what clicked this week in entertainment. I was an actor working, but it kind of leveled the playing field. (Tara Ziemba/Getty Images). In 1963, he joined the cast of the ABC sitcom My Three Sons as next door neighbor Ernie Thompson. Legal Statement. Tell me in the comments if you remember these 50s series. He is the younger brother of actor/director Stanley Livingston, who played Ernie's older brother on the show. Frawley was so accustomed to filming I Love Lucy in order, that he was one of the more disgruntled actors forced into the MacMurray method but that wasnt the reason he left the show it was a health issue as production could no longer attain insurance on the aging actor. All Rights Reserved. CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR THE ENTERTAINMENT NEWSLETTER, In 2006, Tim Considine was named a Disney Legend in honor of his contributions to the Disney company. I think people are more than ready to be entertained and break away from the pains of last year It provides a very nostalgic look back to an era in a very fun way. Grady was 68. Height: 5 ft 4 in (1.65 m) Profession: Actor. Today were checking out the cast of My Three Sons, to see what all those sons got into after they moved out of the Douglas house. Wife, Net Worth, Children. 'Texas Killing Fields': Clyde Hedrick's friend shares new details in EquuSearch founder's daughter's cold case. Livingston married his long-term girlfriend, Sandra L. Goble, on 28th November 1968. Fox News: How did you escape the so-called child star curse we often hear about? Steve Douglas (Fred MacMurray) was a widowed father who lived with his three sons, Mike (Tim Considine), Robbie (Don Grady),Chip (Stanley Livingston) and their maternal grandfather Bub O'Casey (William Frawley). He considers his film debut a role he won as one of the sons of Paul Newman in the film Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! After appearing on the classic series, Stanley featured in other movies like "Attack Of The 60 Foot Centerfolds" and the 1982 classic "The Aftermath. It ran on CBS until 1957. But its trickier to keep that rhythm virtually. Fox News: What do you believe was the secret behind the shows success? Fox News: John Davidson was your host for "The Hollywood Museum Squares." He retired and moved to his remote ranch. Through his brother, Stanley has two nephews: Spencer Livingston and Hailey Livingston, and is the brother-in-law of Karen Huntsman. Stanley Livingston attends 'ANNETTE: America's Girl Next Door and the Queen of Teen" exhibit opening night preview on February 22, 2018 | Photo: Getty Images. Kevin Maginnis is documenting his journey on his TikTok account at @bigmaccoaching. STANLEY LIVINGSTON & DORIS DAY"PLEASE DON'T EAT THE DAISIES"Starring DORIS DAY and DAVID NIVEN. Stanley himself was ravaged by dysentery, smallpox and a near-fatal case of cerebral malaria, yet he continued to urge his party forward at a breakneck pace. So Tina was a part of The King Cousins. "Ill miss him greatly.". Hes appeared in 23 movies and TV series, and is perhaps still best known for his portrayal of the main character Chip Douglas in the family comedy series My Three Sons, which also starred Fred MacMurray and Don Grady. The couple had one daughter, Samantha Livingston, however, their marriage didnt last, and the duo divorced in 1974. Stanley was somewhat thrown into the film industry, as he was only two years old when he made his debut TV series appearance in the 1953 episode Dead End of the family drama This Is the Life. Demarest died in 1983, at the age of 91, but from vaudeville to boxing this guy seemed to do it all. Legal Statement. Find out about tv actor Stanley Livingston: Age, net worth, What he did before fame, his family life Latest information about him on social networks. [6], His older brother, Stanley Livingston, was already a series regular as Chip Douglas. Why was it cance June Lockhart's Wiki Biography, age, daughter. So Desis one condition was to forfeit the drinking at work, done and done, and he and Desi actually became very close friends. But with that said, Ive had downtime. Press Esc to cancel. 'MY THREE SONS' STAR TIM CONSIDINE DEAD AT 81, Former child star Barry Livingston (left) is mourning his 'My Three Sons' co-star Tim Considine (right). The Associated Press contributed to this report. Advertisement. My Three Sons Star Barry Livingston Remembers Friendship With Tim Considine, Bruce Willis On The Parenting Code He Used In Raising His Daughters, Wynonna Judd Almost Passes Out While Performing On Tour. I did 16 episodes of that as a return character So the producers knew of me and my brother Stan who played Chip in "My Three Sons." Barry Livingston is an American actor. In October of 2011, Barry released his autobiography, The Importance of Being Ernie detailing his career from My Three Sons to Mad Men and beyond. In November 1871, journalist Henry Morton Stanley located the missing missionary David Livingstone in the wilds of Africa. Stanley spent the following 15 years focused on appearing in TV series, and his next movie role came in 1979, when cast to play Russ in the action comedy Smokey and the Hotwire Gang. He has also appeared in You Don't Mess with the Zohan (2008), The Social Network (2010), Horrible Bosses (2011), and War Dogs (2016). I played with Carlos and we were five years at university together. When she married actor and singing star Ricky Nelson on April 20, 1963, sh On television, the Nelsons were billed as "America's favourite family." We did dishes. But on a personal level, it was fun to hang with my big brother. He worked tirelessly on projects for his family whether it was cutting out a giant pumpkin for granddaughter Taylor, or fixing daughter Alicia's first car. They encounter car problems and hotel reservation problems, and have to spend their first married night in separate rooms. And hes actually very much still at it today. Livingston is also a film producer, screenwriter and director, primarily helping to produce video documentaries such as "The Actor's Journey for Kids" and "The Actor's Journey", but he also produced the television series "LA Rocks", also the writer and director of all three titles. Stanley has a hard time digging his first hole. Some of those earlier films include 1941s The Lady Eve and Sullivans Travels. I have somebody who is very supportive and level-headed. During the rest of the early 1970s, he appeared in several TV series, such as Room 222 and Lucas Tanner, and provided various voices for the animated TV show Devlin in 1974. Chip Douglas from My Three Sons, played by Stanley Livingston, is still doing interviews and panel appearances. On November 10, 1871, after hearing rumors of a white man living in Ujiji, Stanley donned his finest set of clothes and entered the town with a small band of followers. I recently received an email from a reader who is interested in American game show host Chuck Woolery and his family. He had been placed in charge of a grand expedition to find the explorer David Livingstone, who had vanished in the heart of Africa several years earlier. [6], In October 2011, Barry Livingston released his anecdote-filled autobiography, The Importance of Being Ernie -- detailing his career from My Three Sons to Mad Men and beyond. Steve Douglas is a widower and aeronautical engineer navigating the highs and lows of raising his children as a single parent, kind of. Considine was born in Los Angeles into a show business family. Throughout his early career, he co-starred with the leading ladies of the time Katharine Hepburn in Alice Adams, and Joan Crawford in Above Suspicion. Stanley updated his fans with a picture of him and Samantha donning black outfits, standing together, and wearing big smiles. The once-child-actor is now all grown up, aged 70, and is a doting father to his only daughter, Samantha Livingston, who shares a striking resemblance with him. Carmen, was the daughter of theater magnate Alexander Pantages. Daughter of Sandra Livingston. Fox News: What was it like working with your brother? He went on to appear in the 1959 Disney movie classic "The Shaggy Dog" with Fred MacMurray and later starred with him on "My Three Sons" for five years before leaving the series. Getty Images / Heritage Images / Contributor. It encouraged me to perhaps entertain the idea that maybe, I could do this as a long-term career. In 1866, he embarked on what was supposed to be his last and greatest expedition: a quest to locate the fabled source of the Nile River. I was filming "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet." "I think it broke away from what was the normal depiction of the American family back in the late 50s, early 60s," the former child star said. And audiences enjoyed watching Steve handle all the growing tots, the swapping of the seasoned familial housekeeper, an adopted son, a stepdaughter, wives, and much more. In 1836, he began studying medicine . Of course, many people remember him as Fred Mertz on "I Love Lucy." After My Three Sons, Tim guest starred on Bonanza, a two-parter of Gunsmoke, and then was the lucky ducky who got slapped by George C. Scott, in the 1970 war epic, Patton. In the early 2000s, he was directing childrens shows for PBS. His brother is actor Stanley Livingston. Delightful and funny, Posted by Stanley Livingston 2 onSunday, June 7, 2015. Passed away December 13, 2020 of natural causes, at home, surrounded by his loving family. Welcome to TV Banter. In 1970, Ronne Troup (Bobby Troup's daughter; Julie London's stepdaughter) was brought in to play Polly, Chips' girlfriend (then wife). GORDON PINSENT was born on July 12, 1930 in Grand Falls Newfoundland, USA. Legal Statement. In an interview, the latter gave a candid explanation of his thoughts about sharing a set with Stanley. Tim went through life HIS WAY! Prior to his Charley, he enjoyed television success as Jeb Gaine on Season 6 of Tales of Wells Fargo in the early 60s. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. A few years later, he appeared on TV in "The Adventures of Spin and Marty" and "Hardy Boys" adventures, which were short serials that aired on "The Mickey Mouse Club.". Raising three boys was trouble enough then add in a cantankerous father-in-law and Steve certainly has his hands full which leads to . He was nominated just once for an Oscar as Best Supporting Actor in the biopic The Jolson Story, but the project he is most proud of is My Three Sons.