Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. The 8 sites listed below form a broad chain running from south-west to north-east. What is the Demographic Transition Model? In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. On the leeward side of the mountain it is dry. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) temperature ranges, depending on location are: Most of the country is frost-free but in some years ground frost occurs. Grey dambo soils contain more nutrients but are waterlogged in the rainy season and often very acidic, restricting the plants which can grow there to sedges and wiry grasses tolerant of marshy conditions. Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. The distinction between rainy and dry seasons is marked with no rain at all falling in June, July and August. The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low, and despite some poaching and the absence of protection, the forest is still fairly rich in wildlife. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. Study it carefully and follow the route of the water. Most rivers, lakes and swamps are permanent, except in the hotter, drier south. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. flat and/or in low-lying areas. So technically, Zambia is a very arid country with a humid and subtropical year with small patches of semi arid steppe. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). What is the impact of humans on the savanna? and/or complex terrains. Six ecoregions are represented of which the first four listed below are woodland savannas, consisting of a grass cover 12 m high, and hardwood deciduous trees and/or hardwood shrubs, which range in ground coverage from 'scattered' to 'abundant'. Waterspouts can be seen over lakes. However, except in the case of the last ecoregion listed, even where the canopy is extensive, at ground level the woodland is relatively open, affording quite easy passage by animals and people. About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. csee review questions pdf This area is known as a rain shadow. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. Philip is our Zambia expert and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. [5][citation needed]. How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . k) Highland areas along the equator experience modifi ed equatorial climate. 15,306 views. How does geology affect the formation of river landforms? Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", "Flooding and Climate Change: Everything You Need to Know", "Climate of Zambia - By The Zambian For Zambia", "which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall", "Rainfall trends and variation in the Maasai Mara ecosystem and their implications for animal population and biodiversity dynamics", "LUSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Climate Normals 1961-1990", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Livingstone MET Climate Normals 19611990", "Impacts of climate change on agriculture and household welfare in Zambia: an economy-wide analysis", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1136190768, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows). Indeed, the government buys maize from the farmers through the Food Reserve Agency (FRA) for two purposes: for resale to millers in case of a shortage and for relief in hunger stricken areas. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . The elevation of the great central African plateau on which Zambia is located, typically between 1000 and 1300 metres, modifies temperatures, which are lower than for coastal areas at the same latitude, and pleasant for much of the year. Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. The food security situation is rain Weather Zambia, Satellite Weather Zambia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in Zambia - Source: SAT24.com During the cold months (June and July), the area west of the Line of Rail is coolest, with mean minimum temperatures mostly below the mid-40s F (about 7 C). How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? The flooding has destroyed crops, including maize, especially in Munyumbwe area in Gwembe District, according to the Governments Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU). Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. [citation needed]. Relief is being provided to . The African plateau is underlain primarily by Precambrian rock that dates back to more than 600 years. What is the impact of humans on the Taiga? What are the impacts of industry on the physical environment? [3][citation needed]. How do weather and climate affect river landscapes? The climate of the lower-lying South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks is considerably hotter: temperatures rise by about 6C for every 1,000m you descend (or 3.5F per 1,000ft). kcse geography revision notes The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. Copyright 2023 SafariBookings. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted A The continent is made up of very old Flat maps represent relief in a variety of ways. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Entertainment Editor. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. Safaris, Madagascar Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the . Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? necta biology How is a cold environment interdependent? In the north, rainfall is 1 250mm / 50in or more a year . Zambia, landlocked country in south-central Africa. This causes the air to expand and rise. 3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . Convection makes the air rise and cool. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. . Opportunities and Challenges in the Sahara Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Thar Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Western Desert. Zambia is a Sub -Saharan African country with a land area of 752,614 km. biology Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. Changes in rainfall and other forms of precipitation will be one of the most critical factors determining the overall impact of climate change.Rainfall is much more difficult to predict than . Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain Three terrestrial biomes are well represented in the country (with an additional one extending a few kilometres over the border). What is chemical and mechanical weathering? What is the impact of humans on the temperate deciduous woodland? Relief. . Zambia, a country located in southern Africa, is almost entirely covered by a plateau, which tempers the climate, making the temperature generally acceptable for most of the year. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. "In the last part of the season, January, February and March, 2021, most parts of Zambia will have a high chance of receiving normal to above normal rainfall. The ecoregion has suffered extensive deforestation, especially in the highly urbanised Copperbelt Province due to charcoal production and clearing for farming, the centre of Central Province (for farming and ranching), and around Kasama and Mansa (charcoal production and chitemene farming). The annual rainfall is more than 700 mm (28 in) in the Southern parts, while is more than 1,100 mm (43 in) in the northern parts. Traditionally some communities have divided the year into farming in the rainy season, and fishing and hunting in the dry season, when herbivores can be found more easily as they visit sources of water, and fires can be set to expose them or drive them into traps. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Telecel, Africom, And Econet Airtime Recharge, Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity, Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy. Results when near saturated, warm maritime air is forced to rise by a coastal mountain barrier. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). Figure 1: Shows the study area (Zambia), marked green on the map of Africa. A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5,000 B.C. It moves southwards in the second half of the year, and northwards in the first half of the year. Make decisions like a pro by using our 79,846 reviews and 216 destination guides. The deciduous trees usually produce fresh green or reddish leaves just before the rainy season. Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. The main patches are in: Most of Zambia (around 80%) is in this extensive biome. The vegetation is adapted to it, particularly the grasses, and at that time of the year deciduous trees have lost most of their leaves and so usually do not suffer extensive damage. The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. Zambia's average annual temperature has increased by 1.3C since 1960, an average rate of 0.29C per decade. The dry season is influenced by the Harmattan wind from the Sahara. Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. Zambias GDP growth rate by 0.4 percentage points per year, which costs the country US$4.3 billion over a 10-year period. For plants this includes the deciduous habit (losing leaves to conserve water), very deep root systems, water-storing roots and tubers, waxy leaf cuticles, and drought-resistant seeds. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. and cools at the higher altitude, producing rain on the upwind United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Stage 2. In higher rainfall areas of Zambia the proportion and size of trees are at the higher extreme for this biome, with a canopy covering up to 40% of the ground and trees often exceeding 10 m in height. Hence, the need of the country to always have enough maize in stock. Projected Weather and Climate. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Human and physical factors causing river flooding. history of South Africa Convectional rainfall occur for very short duration but occur in form of heavy showers. Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. The western part of Zambia that borders Angola is significantly warmer. Relief: An illustration of the process of soil formation. Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. The climate is also determined by wind pattern, relief(how high the place is) etc. Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive. Elsewhere, plants and animals are adapted to the long dry season. "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . Safaris. In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. See answer (1) Best Answer. For example, with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. Rainfall. They are found: This endangered ecoregion is found in only one small area (less than 1%) of northern Zambia, named after Sumbu, and it found is in only location anywhere else, an equally small area of central Tanzania (Itigi). Most of South Africa is a summer rainfall area, November to March, while the Western Cape Province receives most of its rain during winter, May to August. On the later part of the 20th century, runoff in the country decreased by 20 to 30% (MMET, 1998). The Dry season in Zambia is a lovely time to visit its divided into a cooler period (May to August) and a hotter one (September and October). h) Rainfall falls mainly over a short period of time, about 15 - 20 minutes. This is because vulnerability to climate shocks was engendered. 6 Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? Here are some average weather facts we collected from our historical climate data: During the month of February, March, April, May, June, July and August you are most likely to experience good weather with pleasant average temperatures that fall between 20 degrees Celsius (68F) and 25 degrees Celsius (77F). Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Nairobi, P.O. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1003499747, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. By. Latitude is only one factor which determines the climate or even simply the rainfall pattern, temperature pattern etc. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. The water cycle as it occurs in real life. She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM If this process continues then rain will fall. At that time many camps in Kafue, Lower Zambezi and the more remote parks shut down. Tunisia Case Study. Compared to many other Southern African countries, Zambia has relatively abundant land and water. Rainfall at Kabwe is stable over long periods of time but varies considerably in the short term over periods of approximately 8 and 4 years. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In Zambia a sole ecoregion within the biome is represented. Why is the Human Development Index important? Authorities indicated that this year's crop damage has been more extensive that those of other past flood seasons. The latter may also survive the dry season through drought-resistant forms. . Kalantary, C. (2010). Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. All Rights Reserved. Clouds form and produce rain. chemistry past paper OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. [16] Rainfall intensity results in heavy storms thereby causing floods that cause damage to property and crops. Peshawar is a rain fed area and gets western depression rain in winter and also receives rain from monsoon in summer. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). What are the different types of weathering? World Wildlife Fund: Encyclopedia of Earth. What is the impact of humans on the desert? landforms. On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. How does food insecurity affect the environment? In the north, rain only falls from June to September in the range of 500 mm to 750 mm. Heavily Indebted Poor C ountry (HIPC), Zambia has recently qualified for debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). For this answer typeHow does Frontal Rainfall occurs?Miissmeg. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Relief rainfall, also known as orographic rainfall, occurs in areas where land increases height. The situation could deteriorate in the days ahead, with Zambia expected to experience heavy rains, according to the countrys Meteorological Department, with the potential for flash floods in Mufumbwe, Kasempa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Siavonga, Gwembe and Chipata districts. Landforms in the middle course of a river. This area is called the rain shadow. geography acsee What is the site and situation of a settlement? On average, it rains one in three days in the UK. agricultural business Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. form four topics It is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small northern part of the country. To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. kcse geography Crops are frequently damaged by flooding and hail. As the air rises it starts to condense and cumulonimbus clouds are formed. Along the banks of permanent rivers and in the spray of waterfalls are evergreen thickets similar in character to tropical rainforest, relics of a wetter past. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the west of the UK. history of africa this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. Hibernation through the dry season is practiced by some amphibians and invertebrates. This ecoregion is made up of grassland and shrubland, with a great variety of orchids and wildflowers on exposed hills, with forest in narrow valleys and small depressions. The rainfall here is around 1131 mm | 44.5 inch per year. The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . In neighbouring Lumezi District, around 60 families had to leave their houses. [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. One way in which temperature affects the distribution of large mammals is through the distribution of the tsetse fly, which, within its range is found in hotter valleys rather than the higher, cooler plateau. The result has This saturated cloud with water vapor begins to The views are spectacular from both the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides of the falls, and it is now a great time to book a helicopter flight over the falls. This page includes a chart with historical data for Zambia Average Precipitation. The presence of fire-adapted plants and palaeoecological studies indicate that such fires have happened for millennia. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. Clouds form, and precipitation occurs. 49. The maximum heat is experienced during November, while the maximum rainfall is received during December. How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? As the air rises it cools and condenses. More About Us. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? Plants susceptible to frost do not grow in the southern half of the country. In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. Therefore, a Climate Change Gender Action Plan was published by the government in 2018. The fires are ignited by villagers hunting, burning crop residue, and preparing chitemene gardens; or by lightning in the early rainy season. Frost only occurs on a few days in winter on the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southern half of the country. This symmetry is, however, imperfect because of Relief rainfall occurs when air has been blown over the sea and is then forced up over an area of high land. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) mean minimums for June in the cool dry season are in the range 612C, mean maximums for October, the hot dry season are 2835C. The Rift Valley System (Fig 2.3 page 28) Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. As the air rises and cools, the orographic clouds form and serve as the precipitation source, where most falls upwind of the mountain ridge. The air will expand and rise and then cool and How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? Tropical . Zambia Meteorological Department GENERAL SITUATION Generally, much of Zambia is likely to receive Normal to Above Normal rainfall during the 2019/2020 rainfall season. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. The weather in Zambia in November is hot.