broomrape and bursage relationship broomrape and bursage relationship

Parker, C. (2014). J. Agric. Metabolites. Pest Manag. 3586002. The new nomenclature of Orobanche and Phelipanche. FIGURE 2. Field Crops Res. J. Bot. Dev. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.034, Conn, C. E., Bythell-Douglas, R., Neumann, D., Yoshida, S., Whittington, B., Westwood, J. H., et al. doi: 10.1007/s00425-007-0600-5, Yoneyama, K., Yoneyama, K., Takeuchi, Y., and Sekimoto, H. (2007b). In general, parasitized crops suffer from reductions in total biomass at the greatest expense to the reproductive tissue (Barker et al., 1996; Manschadi et al., 1996; Lins et al., 2007). All rights reserved. Resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) The plants have scales in place of leaves and may be yellowish, brownish, purplish, or white in colour. Z., Huang, K., Wickett, N. J., Alford, S., et al. Sources of natural resistance based on low exudation of germination-inducing factors exist in legumes and sunflower and are highly effective in inhibiting broomrape weed parasitism (Labrousse et al., 2001, 2004; Rubiales et al., 2003b, 2009a; Prez-de-Luque et al., 2005; Sillero et al., 2005; Abbes et al., 2010; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2012b, 2014). 44, 22212229. Broomrape, commonly called Orobanche, is a genus of more than 200 species of herbaceous plants native to the temperate northern hemisphere. These thumbnail pictures have links to larger photographs and . (2005). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00771.x, Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Flores, F., and Rubiales, D. (2009a). Rich, P. J., Grenier, C., and Ejeta, G. (2004). Broomrape acts as a strong sink, depriving the host from water, mineral, and organic nutrients with the consequent negative impact on the growth of the host plant (Manschadi et al., 1996; Hibberd et al., 1998; Joel, 2000; Abbes et al., 2009). J. Agric. Ecological of weed seed size and persistence in the soil under different tilling systems: implications for weed management. Rev. Parker, C., and Riches, C. R. (1993). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Veronesi, C., Bonnin, E., Benharrat, H., Fer, A., and Thalouarn, P. (2005). In addition, the biological similarity between host and parasite characterizing broomrape-crop interactions is higher than in other plant pathosystems, which complicates the development of selective methods to control broomrape, without harmful effect in the crop from which it is feeding (Eizenberg et al., 2006; Hearne, 2009; Yoder and Scholes, 2010; Prez-Vich et al., 2013). 65, 492496. doi: 10.3732/ajb.93.7.1039, Berner, D. K., Schaad, N. W., and Volksch, B. Control the Striga conundrum. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The second possibility to increase rotation efficacy for broomrape control is to include catch crops, which are crops that also induce high broomrape germination but they are not resistant to it. Rev. Epub 2014 Oct 16. doi: 10.1007/s10535-007-0084-y, Vurro, M., Boari, A., Evidente, A., Andolfi, A., and Zermane, N. (2009). Delayed sowing date is a traditional method that can show high degree of success on inhibiting parasitism if implemented correctly (Lpez-Granados and Garca-Torres, 1996; Rubiales et al., 2003a; Prez-de-Luque et al., 2004; Grenz et al., 2005). The haustorium and the life cycles of parasitic Orobanchaceae, in Parasitic Orobanchaceae, eds D. M. Joel, J. Gressel, and L. J. Musselman (Heidelberg: Springer Berlin), 2123. Biol. Accordingly, broomrape seed conditioning induces a decrease in ABA levels (Chae et al., 2004; Lechat et al., 2012) and GA synthesis (Joel et al., 1991; Zehhar et al., 2002). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Target-site resistances have been successfully developed in crops either by classical breeding such as sunflower, by screening mutagenized crop populations such as the case of oilseed rape or by transgenic techniques such as tomato, tobacco, carrots, and oilseed rape (Joel et al., 1995; Aviv et al., 2002; Slavov et al., 2005; Tan et al., 2005). The insect herbivore as a predictive model in parasitic seed plant biology. orthoceras, a potential mycoherbicide, parasitizes seeds of Orobanche cumana (Sunflower broomrape): a cytological study. doi: 10.1039/b907026e, Boari, A., and Vurro, M. (2004). Emerged small broomrape stalks in a red clover seed production eld. Front Plant Sci. Figure 1. Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones. 79, 463472. J. Agric. Due to the high broomrape fecundity, long seed viability and for some weedy broomrape species, broad host range, the seed bank is easily replenished and long lasting. (2009). This seems to indicate contribution of amino acid synthesis in broomrape mediated by broomrape-encoded enzymes although their identification and characterization remain unknown (Gressel, 2009; Eizenberg et al., 2012). A simple method for stabilizing and granulating fungi. Mol. 88, 859868. parasitism on amino acid composition of carrot (Daucus carota L). Natural pesticides derived of microbial and plant origin are considered to be less harmful because they usually biodegrade quicker, resulting in less pollution-related problems. doi: 10.1038/nature03608, Albrecht, H., Yoder, J. I., and Phillips, D. A. Plant Prot. Annu. Genetic Diversity of Orobanche cumana Populations in Serbia. Plant Physiol. 49, 822. (2010). 67, 10151022. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00739.x, Hershenhorn, J., Goldwasser, Y., Plakhine, D., Lavan, Y., Blumenfeld, T., Bucsbaum, H., et al. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01307.x, Mabrouk, Y., Simier, P., Delavault, P., Delgrange, S., Sifi, B., Zourgui, L., et al. Besides their role as extraorganismal signaling, recent research is uncovering new functions for strigolactones as plant hormone controlling crop development in response to the environment (Gomez-Roldan et al., 2008; Umehara et al., 2008). As alternative, transgenic resistant crops have been engineered with broomrape-inducible expression of toxins specifically targeting the penetrating broomrape seedling. Phytomyza orobanchia is reported to be broomrape-specific and its main action as biocontrol agent is by reduction of broomrape reproductive activity due to their feeding activity on ovules and young seeds. Planta 225, 10311038. In addition long lived seed banks under physiological dormancy ensure that germination will occur when a suitable host in its correct stage of development is present nearby (Rubiales et al., 2009b). It is well-established in autotrophic plants that abscisic acid (ABA) acts as a positive regulator of induction of seed dormancy and its maintenance and gibberelins (GAs) antagonizes with ABA, promoting dormancy release and subsequent germination (Finch-Savage and Leubner-Metzger, 2006). Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00477.x, Southwood, O. R. (1971). Control strategies designed for non-parasitic weeds such as cultural and chemical methods do not necessarily achieve the required level of control for broomrape due to its mixed traits as weed and as root parasite. Is seed conditioning essential for Orobanche germination? As a nurse plant, the bursage provides protection from hungry animals, shade from the relentless sun and additional nutrients and water that collect under the plant. Org. Systemic acquired resistance in crop protection: from nature to chemical approach. Weed Sci. doi: 10.1007/s10658-004-2814-8. Bot. Biocontrol 47, 245277. The promotion of germination of dormant weed seeds by substituted phthalimides and gibberellic acid. (2002). Systemic translocation of nanoencapsulated herbicides could improve this herbicidal approach (Prez-de-Luque and Rubiales, 2009). Technol. Weed Biol. Lpez-Granados, F., and Garca-Torres, L. (1999). 55, 517520. hellofresh stock concentrate packets. Matvienko, M., Wojtowicz, A., Wrobel, R., Jamison, D., Goldwasser, Y., and Yoder, J. I. The metabolic activity of the seed conditioning in broomrape has been characterized in terms of patterns of respiration, synthesis and turnover of proteins, metabolism of nitrogen, carbohydrates and lipids and hormonal balance. Broomrape attack is more severe on crops growing in low fertility soils. seed germination and radicle growth. (2001). Germination ecophysiology, in Parasitic Orobanchaceae, eds D. M. Joel, J. Gressel, and L. J. Musselman (Heidelberg: Springer Berlin), 195219. (2007). 48, 93117. 10.1016/S0044-328X(83)80047-6 Agronomie 21, 757765. Before doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03171.x, Klein, O., and Kroschel, J. 101, 13941399. They elicit GA-like germination activity in dormant seeds of several autotrophic plant species (Suttle and Schreiner, 1982; Metzger, 1983), constituting a cheap alternative to natural bioregulators for weed seed bank control (Suttle, 1983). Can sourcesink relations explain responses of tobacco to infection by the root holoparasitic angiosperm Orobanche cernua? Small broomrape parasitism in red clover is temperature related. Weed Sci. New Phytol. 48, 163168. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00462.x, Hiraoka, Y., Ueda, H., and Sugimoto, Y. Annu. Nitrogen metabolism remains largely unknown in broomrape. B., and Mallory-Smith, C. A. doi: 10.1086/283185, Auger, B., Pouvreau, J. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers189, Lee, J. In absence of host detection the continuation of wet conditions allows broomrape seeds to enter again in deeper levels of dormancy, from which they will emerge upon the new onset of sequenced dry/wet seasons carrying new opportunities to encounter suitable hosts (Kebreab and Murdoch, 1999; Lpez-Granados and Garca-Torres, 1999). -. The effectiveness of amino acids as broomrape inhibitors has not been proved in real field conditions but field application of amino acids has been effective to manage other parasites such as plant-parasitic nematodes (Zhang et al., 2010). Bot. Several mechanisms are involved in resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr. The physiology and biochemistry of parasitic angiosperms. doi: 10.1579/05-R-051R.1. J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, Bacillus atrophaeus, B. subtilis are promising biocontrol agents targeting the growth of broomrape radicles (Barghouthi and Salman, 2010). doi: 10.1614/WS-05-151R.1, Eizenberg, H., Lande, T., Achdari, G., Roichman, A., and Hershenhorn, J. 4, 123152. 112, 297308. In addition it also varies considerably in crops growing under different physiological status, growth stages and growing seasons, allowing broomrape to synchronize its germination with physiologically suitable hosts (Lpez-Granados and Garca-Torres, 1996; Yoneyama et al., 2007a,b; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009b, 2014; Xie et al., 2010). However, selecting for high phenolic varieties is likely to induce many other side changes altering agronomic performance. (2012). The crops affected depend on the host range of the broomrape species considered but in general, those in the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, or Solanaceae such as sunflower, oilseed rape, carrot, faba bean, or tomato among many others, sustain the major attacks (Parker and Riches, 1993). Many other interesting examples of trap crops emerged from a root exudates screening of important crops (Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009b). Impact of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) doi: 10.2135/cropsci2004.2221. Cezard, R. (1973). Pest Manag. (2000). Fusarium nygamai a potential bioherbicide for Striga hermonthica control in sorghum. Nitrogen reduces branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) seed germination. Marker-assisted and physiology-based breeding for resistance to root parasitic Orobanchaceae, in Parasitic Orobanchaceae, eds D. M. Joel, J. Gressel, and L. J. Musselman (Heidelberg: Springer Berlin), 369391. Bot. (1996). In addition it promotes the development of a layer of papillae at the radicle apex in the absence of host contact, morphology that resembles the attachment organ (Joel and Losner-Goshen, 1994; Cimmino et al., 2015). Effects of environment and sowing date on the competition between faba bean (Vicia faba) and the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata. Correlated evolution of life history and host range in the nonphotosynthetic parasitic flowering plants Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae). With target-site resistance, the herbicide translocates unmetabolised to the underground broomrape via the haustorium inflicting its suppressive action in the parasite (Gressel, 2009). doi: 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00100-9, Joel, D. M. (2009). Ann. Rev. 33, 267349. The advances yielded as intense research made connects the major critical steps of the life cycle of Orobanche, the external factors influencing it either through molecular dialog between the parasite and the crop or the soil and climatic environmental conditions naturally opens the way toward the potential effect of the cropping system in limiting broomrape parasitism: choice of the crop, timing, plant protection, soil perturbation, fertilization, etc. 22, 937947. Second, broomrape weed exerts their damage underground right after attachment and therefore, contact herbicides applied after broomrape emergence, e.g., 2,4-D, had no effect on limiting yield loss in the current crop. The first mechanism involved in host specialization is displayed during broomrape germination and is mediated by the broomrape recognition of host root exudates in a species-specific manner.